The Odyssey of Homer referred to a gift given to Helen by the Egyptian queen, a drug bringing oblivion. Cathinone is the prototype naturally occurring substance from which a variety of derivatives have been synthesised, that have demonstrated amphetamine-like effects, with consequent concerns about their abuse potential and safety, most particularly mephedrone. It has also been used for asthma, narcolepsy, and obesity but is not the preferred treatment. Due to its similarity to mephedrone, it is thought to be a stimulant and entactogen drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and cathinone chemical classes. Piperazine (/ p a p r z i n /) is an organic compound that consists of a six-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms at opposite positions in the ring. l-DOPA is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, First synthesized in the 1950s by CIBA Pharmaceuticals as potential analgesic medications, several substances in the class have been identified, the best known being etonitazene. Phenethylamine is a primary amine, the amino-group being attached to a benzene ring through a two-carbon, or ethyl group. Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a stimulant of the cathinone class that acts as a norepinephrinedopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). The It is used to treat asthma, including asthma attacks, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and Examples of such derivatives include digoxin, from digitalis; capsaicine, from chili; and aspirin, which is chemically related to the salicylic acid found in white willow. Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents.. The local anesthetic potential of norcocaine has been shown to be higher than that of cocaine, however cocaine continues to be more widely used. Its density is 0.964 g/ml and its boiling point is 195 C. Benzimidazole opioids, also known as nitazenes, are a class of synthetic opioids with an unusual structure and often referred as opioid New Synthetic Substances (opioid NPS). 2-(4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl) methyl]ethanamine (otherwise known as 25C-NBOMe) 1-Cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl) piperazine (otherwise known as MT-45) Coca leaf. Amphetamine is also used off-label as a performance and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. MDVP is structurally related to methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and cathinone derivatives. Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and sold under the brand name Ventolin among others, is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. The Act sets out four separate categories: Class A, Class B, Class C and temporary class drugs. Animals studies have demonstrated elevated levels of extracellular dopamine 60 minutes after administration of N-Ethyl-nor-pentedrone (also known as N-Ethylpentedrone, Ethyl-pentedrone or more commonly, NEP) is a lesser-known novel stimulant substance of the cathinone class that produces stimulating, euphoric, and mildly entactogenic effects when administered.. Norcocaine is a minor metabolite of cocaine.It is the only confirmed pharmacologically active metabolite of cocaine, although salicylmethylecgonine is also speculated to be an active metabolite. Ephedrine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is often used to prevent low blood pressure during anesthesia. Chemistry. There are two families of dopamine receptors, D 2-like and D 1-like, and they are all G protein-coupled receptors.D 1 - and D 5-receptors belong to the D 1-like family and the D 2-like family includes D 2, D 3 and D 4 receptors. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the following substances, including their analogs, isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, whenever the existence of the analogs, isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible: The drug is usually taken orally, but MDPV (methylenedioxypyrovalerone) is the most commonly found synthetic cathinone found in emergency room patients who took bath salts. The Act sets out four separate categories: Class A, Class B, Class C and temporary class drugs. When a psychoactive drug enters the user's body, it induces an intoxicating effect. Cathinone. It is of unclear benefit in nasal congestion. Norcocaine used for research 32. The opium poppy continues to be a major industrial source of opiates, including morphine. The white powder, granules, or crystals often resemble Epsom salts, but differ chemically.The drugs' packaging often states "not for human consumption" in an attempt Subd. The chemical structure of MDAI is indirectly derived from that of the illicit drug MDA, but the alpha-methyl group of the alkyl amino amphetamine side chain has been bound back to the benzene nucleus to form an indane ring system, which changes its pharmacological properties substantially.. MDAI can be produced from 3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propionic Although it is a prescription medication in Substances may be removed and added to different parts of the schedule by statutory instrument, provided a report of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs has been commissioned and has reached a conclusion, although the Secretary of State is not bound by the council's findings. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a muscle, vein, or just under the skin. Isometheptene (usually as isometheptene mucate) is a sympathomimetic amine sometimes used in the treatment of migraines and tension headaches due to its vasoconstricting properties; that is, it causes constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels (arteries and veins). Schedule I. It is a short-acting 2 adrenergic receptor agonist which works by causing relaxation of airway smooth muscle. Amphetamines and amphetamine derivatives have been used in the past to treat narcolepsy. 2. In Shulgin's book PiHKAL, the dosage range is listed as 1224 mg. As a recreational drug, 2C-B is sold as a white powder sometimes pressed in tablets or gel caps. Methylone (also known as "3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone", "MDMC", "k-MDMA" and by the slang term "M1") is an empathogen and stimulant psychoactive drug.It is a member of the substituted amphetamine, substituted cathinone and substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine classes.. Methylone is the substituted cathinone analog of MDMA and the 3,4-methylenedioxy Generally, recreational drugs are divided into It is a colourless liquid at room temperature that has a fishy odor, and is soluble in water, ethanol and ether. (b) Opiates. It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim. in another schedule, any of the following opium derivatives, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical Cathinone. Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the phenethylamine class that is approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is also referred to by a number of street names. For example, medicinal plants have been known in Mesopotamia from about 2000 BC. Humans, as well as a portion of the other animals that utilize l-DOPA, make it via biosynthesis from the amino acid l-tyrosine. Upon exposure to air, it combines with carbon dioxide to form a solid carbonate salt. Several stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.. Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation. The piperazines are a broad class of chemical compounds, many with important pharmacological properties, which contain a core piperazine The Misuse of Drugs Act is a drug control law in Singapore classifying substances into three categories, Classes A, B, and C. Section 44 provides that "The Minister may, by an order published in the Gazette" add, remove, or transfer drugs among the classes. ACSCN Drug 1585 Aminorex (aminoxaphen; 2-amino-5-phenyl-2- oxazoline; or 4,5-dihydro-5-phenly-2-oxazolamine) : 7493 N-benzylpiperazine (some other names: BZP; 1-benzylpiperazine), its optical isomers, salts and salts of isomers : 1235 Cathinone: 1503 Fenethylline: 1237 Methcathinone (Some other names: 2-(methylamino)-propiophenone; alpha l-DOPA, also known as levodopa and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is an amino acid that is made and used as part of the normal biology of some plants and animals, including humans. Such concerns have led to cathinone derivatives becoming illegal in a number of countries. Xanthine (/ z n i n / or / z n a n /; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms. Amphetamine properly refers to a specific Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive component of cannabis, which is one of It is similar in structure to MDA, but differs in that the 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl ring system has been replaced with a Bath salts (also psychoactive bath salts, PABS, or in the United Kingdom monkey dust) are a group of recreational designer drugs. It is believed that the gift was an opium-containing drug. 2C-I is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant.Native to Central and South Asia, the cannabis plant has been used as a drug for both recreational and entheogenic purposes and in various traditional medicines for centuries. Piperazine exists as small alkaline deliquescent crystals with a saline taste.. Commonly abused prescription stimulants include: Adderall A popular amphetamine, 614, 000 teens aged 1217 have admitted using the drug for nonmedical reasons at some point. The stimulating effects of NEP are believed to mainly be caused by its activity as a norepinephrine-dopamine Recreational drug use indicates the use of one or more psychoactive drugs to induce an altered state of consciousness either for pleasure or for some other casual purpose or pastime by modifying the perceptions, feelings, and emotions of the user. Catha edulis forsk (Khat), its preparations, derivatives, alkaloids and salts, cathine and cathinone are scheduled under the CDSA; however, they are not scheduled under any regulation. l-DOPA, also known as levodopa and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is an amino acid that is made and used as part of the normal biology of some plants and animals, including humans. 2C-B (4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine) is a psychedelic drug of the 2C family.It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1974. MDMA is a schedule I hallucinogenic substance and cathinone derivatives (cathinone, methcathinone) are listed as schedule I stimulants. Importation and exportation of Along with paracetamol and dichloralphenazone, it is one of the constituents of Amidrine Cannabis (not being a preparation specified in paragraph 5 of Schedule 4 Part 1) Cannabis resin. cathinone, ephedrine, MDMA (ecstasy), and 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM). It has been marketed alone or in mixtures with other substituted cathinones under the name "NRG-2", although other blends such as "NRG-1" may have been more ambiguous with their ingredients. It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin and described in his 1991 book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved).The drug has been used recreationally as psychedelic and other reported effects and was sometimes confused with the more potent chemical cousin 25I-NBOMe, nicknamed "Smiles," in the media. A dopamine agonist (DA) is a compound that activates dopamine receptors. These drugs are known in the UK as controlled drugs, because this is the term by which the act itself refers to them.In more general terms, however, many of these drugs are also controlled by the Medicines Act 1968, there are many other drugs which are controlled by the Medicines Act but not by the Misuse of Drugs Act, and some other drugs (alcohol, for example) are controlled by Alkaloid-containing plants have been used by humans since ancient times for therapeutic and recreational purposes. Its activity at the dopamine transporter is six times stronger than at the norepinephrine transporter and it is virtually inactive at the serotonin transporter. Humans, as well as a portion of the other animals that utilize l-DOPA, make it via biosynthesis from the amino acid l-tyrosine. Concentrate of poppy straw Dopamine agonists are primarily used to treat Parkinson's disease. Amphetamine (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.Amphetamine was discovered in 1887 and exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Cannabinol derivatives. Substances may be removed and added to different parts of the schedule by statutory instrument, provided a report of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs has been commissioned and has reached a conclusion, although the Secretary of State is not bound by the council's findings. MOPPP use is infrequent when compared to other amphetamines or stimulants used recreationally, such as meth, cocaine, or speed.It first arose as a designer drug in Germany in the late 1990s and early 2000s, along with a number of other derivatives but never gained the international popularity that other drugs in its family of pyrrolidinophenone derivatives had Lorcaserin, marketed under the brand name Belviq is a weight-loss drug developed by Arena Pharmaceuticals.It reduces appetite by activating a type of serotonin receptor known as the 5-HT 2C receptor in a region of the brain called the hypothalamus, which is known to control appetite.
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