She got her start in her hometown of Tryon, North Carolina, where she played gospel hymns and classical music at Old St. Luke's CME, the church where her mother ministered. However, Karl Linder is the only character to appear in both . On March 11, 1959, Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun opened on Broadway and changed the face of American theater forever. The 15th was also Dr. King's birthday. . At the age of 29, she won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award making her the first African-American dramatist, the fifth woman, and the youngest playwright to do so. Despite not finishing college, Hansberry went on to achieve great success as a playwright and activist. Lorraines extraordinary life has often been reduced to this one fact in classroomsif she is taught at all. Hansberrys work broke barriers and paved the way for more diverse voices to be heard on the Broadway stage. Terkel, Studs. [1] She was the first African-American female author to have a play performed on Broadway. The restrictive covenant was ruled contestable, though not inherently invalid; these covenants were eventually ruled unconstitutional in Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948). Leo Hansberry was a prominent figure in the Pan-Africanist movement, and he founded the African Civilization section at Howard University, where he was a professor of African history. She was later quoted as saying that American racism helped kill him.. Lorraine Hansberry: Lorraine Hansberry was a gifted playwright and creator of the award-winning play A Raisin in the Sun. Theatre Nation Partnerships network extends to every region in England. Her father, Carl Augustus Hansberry was Leos brother. Hansberry was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1930. Hansberry joined CORE in the late 1950s and became involved in various civil rights campaigns, including the fight against housing discrimination in Chicago. Learn about her personal life,. In one of her stories, The Anticipation of Eve, Lorraine describes the moment the protagonist Rita is about to see her lover Eve with lush, tender language: I could think only of flowers growing lovely and wild somewhere by the highways, of every lovely melody I had ever heard. Image by Friedman-Abeles from Wikimedia. Religion Carl Hansberry was also a supporter of the Urban League and NAACP in Chicago. The late artist also has a school, Lorraine Hansberry Academy, in the Bronx named after her as well as an elementary school in Queen, New York, titled in her honor. In 1964, Hansberry and Nemiroff divorced but continued to work together. Type of work Play. She also had several close relationships with women throughout her life, including a long-term relationship with a woman named Una Mulzac. Louis Sachar Facts 8: Sideways Stories from Wayside School. Hansberry traveled to Georgia to cover the case of Willie McGee, and was inspired to write the poem "Lynchsong" about his case. Her promising career was cut short by her early death frompancreatic cancer. Hansberry was associated with very important people. She is a tremendously important historical figure and through the documentary, Strain and her crew are making the public aware of just who Lorraine Hansberry was, what she stood for, and why her radical work is so important to the world today. Her friend Nina Simone said, we never talked about men or clothes or other such inconsequential things when we got together. Hansberry herself led an extraordinary life, which is profiled in the . Lorraines mother, Nannie Hansberry, was also active in the struggle for civil rights. A documentary has been made about her writing, Filmmaker Tracy Heather Strain is so taken with Lorraines work that she put together a powerful documentary so people would know who she was and what she stood for. Goodbye, Mr. Attorney General, she said, and turned and walked out of the room. Beacon Press. Her mother, Nannie Hansberry, was a schoolteacher and a member of the NAACP. Bella Sanchez is a recent graduate from Boston University, and the marketing intern for Beacon Press. Hansberry was invited to meet Robert F. Kennedy (then U.S. Attorney General) in May, 1963 due to the work she had done as a Civil Rights activist, but declined the invitation. An author, a playwright and an activist, Lorraine Hansberry was born on May 19, 1930, in Chicago, Illinois. Learn more about Lorraine Hansberry Fact 5: Indeed, Lorraine was an outspoken political activist from a young age. She was best known for her play A Raisin in the Sun, which highlighted the lives of black Americans in Chicago living under racial segregation. In 1961, Hansberry was set to replace Vinnette Carroll as the director of the musical Kicks and Co, after its try-out at Chicago's McCormick Place. The NYDCC was founded in 1935, and its first awards were given in 1936. ", In a Town Hall debate on June 15, 1964, Hansberry criticized white liberals who could not accept civil disobedience, expressing a need to "encourage the white liberal to stop being a liberal and become an American radical." . She worked on Henry A. Wallace's Progressive Party presidential campaign in 1948, despite her mother's disapproval. Corrections? The title of the play was taken from the poem "Harlem" by Langston Hughes: "What happens to a dream deferred? Hansberrys father died in 1946 when she was only fifteen years old. Tone Realistic. The award is given for excellence in the field of theatre, with categories including Best Play, Best Musical, Best Foreign Play, and Best Revival. September 27, 2022. Hansberry's family had struggled against segregation, challenging a restrictive covenant in the 1940 US Supreme Court case Hansberry v. Lee. Lorraine Hansberry attended theUniversity of Wisconsinin 194850 and then briefly the School of theArt Institute of ChicagoandRoosevelt University(Chicago). Due to racial differences, Lorraine and her family faced racism when she was just eight. It seems, in fact, that, as with her dear friend the author James Baldwin, Hansberry is having a curiously vibrant renaissance some 54 years after her death, at the age of thirty-four from pancreatic cancer, on January 12, 1965. It was with those friends and Nemiroff that she kept a secret about the pancreatic cancer that would eventually take her life on January 12, 1965, at age 34. Her other works include the plays The Sign in Sidney Brusteins Window and Les Blancs, as well as several essays and articles on civil rights and social justice issues. However, in 2013, President Barack Obama posthumously awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of her contributions to the arts and the civil rights movement. The African-American historian and scholar who is best known for his research on African history and culture. She holds academic degrees which are: AA social Science This experience is reflected in Raisin in how unwelcoming the white community was to the Younger family in Clybourne Park. Lorraine Vivian Hansberry (May 19, 1930 - January 12, 1965) was an African-American playwright and writer. Who are young, gifted and black . The play has also been adapted into a film and has become a classic of American literature and theatre. Download Our Free Black Liberation eBook Bundle! It is a play that tells the truth about people, Negroes [in the parlance of the time], and life. ft. home is a 3 bed, 2.0 bath property. However, Hansberry only attended university for two years before dropping out and moving to New York City where she went to the New School for Social Research. Oh, what a lovely precious dream All rights reserved, Playbill Inc. National Museum of African American History & Culture. A Raisin in the Sun marked the turning point for black artists in professional theater. In 1961, the play was made into a movie. A Contemporary Theatre (ACT) was their first incubator and in 2012 they became an independent organization. Her father was brave and daring enough to move his family into an all white neighborhood during tumultuous times. Hansberry's most famous work, "A Raisin In The Sun" remains one of the best known plays ever written by a Black female playwright. She later joined Englewood High School. She became close friends with James Baldwin and Nina Simone. Open your heart to what I mean Sadly, she passed away from pancreatic cancer on January 12, 1965. She herself, knew what it was to be discriminated against.. A penetrating psychological study of the personalities and emotional conflicts within a working-class black family in Chicago, A Raisin in the Sun was directed by actor Lloyd Richards, the first African American to direct a play on Broadway since 1907. In the book, readers get bits and pieces of Perry, too, as she describes her journey with Lorraine, detailing her thoughts as both an admirer, and a biographer. Some books that he created include Wayside School Gets A Little Stranger (1995), Sideways . Date of first publication 1959. All mourned her premature death. Additionally, Hansberry was known to be a champion of civil rights and social justice, and she was involved in several LGBTQ+ organizations and causes during her lifetime. On September 18, 2018, the biography Looking for Lorraine: The Radiant and Radical Life of Lorraine Hansberry, written by scholar Imani Perry, was published by Beacon Press. Lorraine Hansberry, (born May 19, 1930, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.died January 12, 1965, New York, New York), American playwright whose A Raisin in the Sun (1959) was the first drama by an African American woman to be produced on Broadway. Despite a warm reception in Chicago, the show never made it to Broadway. Lorraine Hansberry. . I am in Houston and may go see Clybourne Park at the Midtown A&T Center before I leave town next week. Perry truly brings Lorraine to life in this intimate book. Lorraine Vivian Hansberry (May 19, 1930 - January 12, 1965) was a playwright and writer. In 1959, Hansberry was awarded the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Play for A Raisin in the Sun, making her the first black playwright and the youngest playwright to win the award at the time. Whether you want to learn the history of a city, or you simply need a recommendation for your next meal, Discover Walks Team offers an ever-growing travel encyclopaedia. Photo of a scene from the play A Raisin in the Sun. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. In 1944, she graduated from Betsy Ross Elementary. In 1951, Hansberry joined the staff of the black newspaper Freedom, edited by Louis E. Burnham and published by Paul Robeson. Hansberry resided in a third-floor apartment in this building from 1953 to 1960, the period in which she created her . He then spent several years travelling and studying in Africa, including Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt. . Lorraine Hansberry (1930 - 1965) was an American playwright and author best known for A Raisin in the Sun, a 1959 play influenced by her background and upbringing in Chicago. Now More Than Ever, Nine Radical and Radiant Facts You Should Know About Lorraine Hansberry, When Colin Kaepernick Took the Risk to Take a Knee, Coming Home to the Motherland and Coming Out: A Cup Of Water Under My Bed Gets Translated to Spanish, Looking for Lorraine: The Radiant and Radical Life of Lorraine Hansberry, Ring In the Zinntennial! Hansberry was appalled by the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which took place while she was in high school. Check another American writer in Lorraine Hansberry facts. Young, gifted and black We must begin to tell our young Theres a world waiting for you This is a quest that's just begun. Although the couple separated in 1957 and divorced in 1962, their professional relationship lasted until Hansberry's death. Near the end of her life, she declared herself "committed [to] this homosexuality thing" and vowing to "create my lifenot just accept it". Hansberry wrote her first play, The Crystal Stair, during the same period, based on a struggling family in Chicago. It won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, and the film version of 1961 received a special award at the Cannes festival. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Hansberrys uncle, William Leo Hansberry, founded the Howard University African Civilization section of the history department, her cousin Shauneille Perry is an actress and playwright, and her younger relatives, Taye Hansberry is an actress and Aldridge Hansberry is a composer and flutist. This script was called "superb" but also rejected. In response to the independence of Ghana, led by Kwame Nkrumah, Hansberry wrote: "The promise of the future of Ghana is that of all the colored peoples of the world; it is the promise of freedom. However, Hansberry admired Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex. However, many scholars and historians believe that she may have been a closeted lesbian. She was born on May 19, 1930, in Chicago, Illinois. Picture Information. While many of her other writings were published in her lifetime essays, articles, and the text for the SNCC book The Movement: Documentary of a Struggle for Equality the only other play given a contemporary production was The Sign in Sidney Brustein's Window. It was previously ruled that African Americans were not allowed to purchase property in the Washington Park subdivision in Chicago, Illinois. How would you rate this article? She was a trailblazer in the civil rights movement and an advocate for social justice. There's something of an inside joke tucked into Lorraine Hansberry's rarely-produced second Broadway play, which director Anne Kauffman has brought to life in a starry revival at BAM. . Your email address will not be published. Clybourne Park is a "spin-off" of Lorraine Hansberry's famous 1959 play, A Raisin in the Sun, meaning that it centers around some of the play's peripheral events and characters.Specifically, the main characters of A Raisin in the Sun the Younger familywill eventually move into the house in which Clybourne Park is set. and then "L.N." In fact, she was an active participant in the civil rights movement and used her talents as a writer and playwright to shed light on issues of race, gender and class in America. Lorraines experiences growing up in this environment informed her writing, which often dealt with issues of race, class, and identity. She wrote about her experiences as a lesbian in her unpublished journals and letters. Mumford stated that Hansberry's lesbianism caused her to feel isolated while A Raisin in the Sun catapulted her to fame; still, while "her impulse to cover evidence of her lesbian desires sprang from other anxieties of respectability and conventions of marriage, Hansberry was well on her way to coming out." . Hansberry attended the University of Wisconsin in Madison in the late 1940s, but she left before completing her degree. Both of these talented writers wanted to incorporate themes of race and sexual identity into their stage work, something that was considered quite radical at the time. Lorraine Vivian Hansberry (May 19, 1930 - January 12, 1965) was a playwright and writer. In 1959, Hansberry made history as the first African American woman to have a show produced on BroadwayA Raisin in the Sun. The major theme throughout playwright Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun is how racism impacts daily life for this multi-generational family, not only in relations between black and. Taken from us far too soon. . Not only did Hansberry address social and racial issues in her novels and plays, but she also wrote articles true to her voice and beliefs for a progressive Black journal, James Baldwin was her close friend and confidant. He was known as a race man who sought to make the world a better place for African Americans. Lorraine died at age thirty-four from pancreatic cancer. That was what formed their bond at the time when Lorraine was developing her own Black, feminist, and queer politics. She was also a lesbian who kept her sexual preference as classified information, not able to come out during the tumultuous era in which basic human rights were denied on a regular basis, for certain groups of people in society. . Please enable JavaScript if you would like to comment on this blog. In 1969, Nina Simone first released a song about Hansberry called "To Be Young, Gifted and Black." Hansberry, sadly passed away when she was in her 30s, but she left her mark on the world, and those who know its value are keeping it alive as a relevant piece of history that deserves a second look. Many icons of the early African American Civil Rights Movement, e.g., Langston Hughes, visited the Hansberry home Discuss these differences and how they conflict with one another. The play opened at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on March 11, 1959, and was a great success. In 1938, her father bought a house in the Washington Park Subdivision of the South Side of Chicago, incurring the wrath of some of their white neighbors. . The FBI began surveillance of Hansberry when she prepared to go to the Montevideo peace conference. Lorraine surrounded herself with many people who were important to the civil rights movement, as well as people who held a measure of influence and celebrity status in the world. Then, she smiled. A satire involving miscegenation, the $400,000 production was co-produced by her husband Robert Nemiroff. Date of first performance 1959. . The granddaughter of a freed enslaved person, and the youngest by seven years of four children, Lorraine Vivian Hansberry 3rd was born on May 19, 1930, in Chicago, Illinois. The title of the song refers to the title of Hansberry's autobiography, which Hansberry first coined when speaking to the winners of a creative writing conference on May 1, 1964: "Though it is a thrilling and marvelous thing to be merely young and gifted in such times, it is doubly so, doubly dynamic to be young, gifted and black." Risking public censure and process of being outed to the larger community, she joined the Daughters of Bilitis, a lesbian organization, and submitted letters and short stories to queer publications Ladder and ONE. Born on the 19 th of May in 1930, in Chicago, Illinois, Lorraine Hansberry was a bright daughter of Carl Augustus Hansberry, a political activist, while her mother, Nannie Louise, was a schoolteacher. Tags: american birth day 19 birth month may birth year 1930 death day 12 death month january death year 1965 playwright. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Her civil rights work and writing career were cut short by her death from pancreatic cancer at age 34. Perry explains that though the term radical has negative associations, for Lorraine, American radicalism was both a passion and a commitment. Fact 3: Lorraine was a talented visual artist. When Nemiroff donated Hansberry's personal and professional effects to the New York Public Library, he "separated out the lesbian-themed correspondence, diaries, unpublished manuscripts, and full runs of the homophile magazines and restricted them from access to researchers." After moving to New York City, she held various minor jobs and studied at theNew School for Social Researchwhile refining her writing skills. Literature & the Arts Performers in this pageant included Paul Robeson, his longtime accompanist Lawrence Brown, the multi-discipline artist Asadata Dafora, and numerous others. Her father, Carl Augustus Hansberry, was a successful real estate entrepreneur involved with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Urban League. The original Broadway production of A Raisin in the Sun was directed by Lloyd Richards and starred Sidney Poitier as Walter Lee Younger, the head of the household. When she was young, her family famously fought against racial segregation, attempting to buy a home that was covered by a racially restrictive covenantultimately leading to the Supreme Court case Hansberry v. Lee. In the same year, her second play, The Sign in Sidney Brusteins Window, was released on Broadway but was unable to become a major hit. Fact 4: Lorraine worked at the progressive black Freedom Newspaper (published by Paul Robeson) with W. E . The group told Kennedy that the federal government was not doing enough to protect the civil rights of African Americans, but the attorney general didnt agree. She identified as a lesbian and thought about LGBT organizing before there was a gay rights movement. Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?" This money comes from the deceased Mr. Younger's life insurance policy. Fact 2: Lorraine was raised in the South Side of Chicago. Lorraine Hansberry Biography. Time and place written 1950s, New York. Hansberry kept a low profile of her identity as a lesbian. Hansberry inspired the Nina Simone song "To Be Young, Gifted and Black", whose title-line came from Hansberry's autobiographical play. Lorraine Hansberry, likely at a welcoming event for the African-American Students Foundation in 1959. Fact 1: The one fact you might already know! It was at one of these demonstrations that Hansberry met her husband and closest friend, Robert Nemiroff. Copyright 2016 FamousAfricanAmericans.org, Museum Dedicated to African American History and Culture is Set to Open in 2016, Scholarships for African Americans Black Scholarships, Top 10 Most Famous Black Actors of All Time. Lorraine Hansberry was a master scribe. In his remarks, President Obama noted that Lorraine Hansberry refused to be confined by any identity but her own, and helped blaze a trail for generations of Americans who have been inspired by her example.. Politics & Current Events I found myself wishing I could have been Lorraines friend, or at the very least, a fly on the wall during some of her passionate discussions about politics, race, literature and art with friends and colleagues. It ran for 101 performances on Broadway and closed the night she died. Hansberry originally wanted to be an artist when she attended the University of Wisconsin, but soon changed her focus to study drama and stage design. Along these lines, she wrote a critical review of Richard Wright's The Outsider and went on to style her final play Les Blancs as a foil to Jean Genet's absurdist Les Ngres. Gift of Kayla Deigh Owens, Playbill used by permission. The granddaughter of a freed slave, Lorraine Vivian Hansberry was born on May 19, 1930, to a successful real estate broker and a school teacher who resided in Chicago, Illinois. With the help of the NAACP, he eventually won the right to stay, but never recovered from the emotional stress of their legal battles ("Lorraine Hansberry";Hansberry 21). In 1938, the family moved to a white neighborhood and was violently attacked by its inhabitants but the former refused to vacate the area until ordered to do so by the Supreme Court where the case was addressed as Hansberry v. Lee. Hansberry graduated from Betsy Ross Elementary in 1944 and from Englewood High School in 1948. It went on to inspire generations of playwrights and performers. Her father, Carl Augustus Hansberry, was a. Hansberry was the youngest American, fifth woman and first black to win the award. Over the next two years, Raisin was translated into 35 languages and was being performed all over the world. Her father founded Lake Street Bank, one of the first banks for blacks in Chicago, and ran a successful real estate business. Both Hansberry's were active in the Chicago Republican Party. Lorraine Hansberry was an African-American playwright, writer and activist who lived from 1930 to 1965. Later, an FBI reviewer of Raisin in the Sun highlighted its Pan-Africanist themes as "dangerous". Hansberrys next play, The Sign in Sidney Brusteins Window, a drama of political questioning and affirmation set in Greenwich Village, New York City, where she had long made her home, had only a modest run on Broadway in 1964. Also in 2013, Hansberry was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame. It is the opening scene . Princeton Professor Imani Perry, author of Looking for Lorraine, wrote that she was a feminist before the feminist movement. Lorraine identified as an American radical and believed that extreme change was necessary to fight against racism and injustice internationally. Hansberry received many awards for her work, including a New York Critics' Circle Award, an award at the Cannes Film Festival. . She was the first African-American female author to have a play performed on Broadway. Bottom Row (left to right): T. S. Eliot; Lorraine Hansberry; Martin Buber; Otto Neurath. We followed her. (James Baldwin, The Cross of Redemption). To Be Young, Gifted and Black was a posthumously produced play and collection of writings that capped a brief and brilliant career. Lorraine Hansberry Speaks! He was one of the pioneers of African Studies in the United States and his work played an important role in challenging the prevailing Eurocentric views of African history and culture. Hansberry was born May 19, 1930, in Chicago, Illinois, the youngest of four children. An alarm sounds, and a woman wakes. Lorraine Hansberry was an avid civil rights activist because she understood clearly, that people need a champion in this life. If the name Lorraine Hansberry doesnt ring a bell, we have some interesting information that may just give you an aha moment. The New York Drama Critics Circle Award (NYDCC) is an annual award given by an organization composed of theatre critics who review plays and musicals in New York City. Her favorite topics are psychology, sociology, anthropology, history and religion. After moving to New York City, she held various minor jobs and studied at the New School for Social Research while refining her writing skills. . Hansberry was the daughter of parents who were also outspoken advocates for civil rights. She was brought up alongside three siblings. James Baldwin wrote the introduction to Hansberrys biography, To Be Young, Gifted, and Black with an endearing letter to Hansberry titled Sweet Lorraine.. Biography. You think you're accomplishing something in life until you realize that at age 29, playwright Lorraine Hansberry had a play produced on Broadway. Lorraine Hansberry was born on May 19, 1930 at Provident Hospital on the South Side of Chicago. Among the hates: being asked to speak, cramps, racism, her homosexuality, and silly men. MLS # 3441616 These were important voices for the movement to bring equality for all people as a basic right of all within the United States. Fact 9: This isnt a major life milestone of Lorraines, but its too fascinating not to include it!) We may all come from different walks of life but we have one common passion - learning through travel. Posted at 04:07 PM in Beacon Staff, Biography and Memoir, Emily Powers, Imani Perry, Literature and the Arts, Looking for Lorraine, Queer Perspectives, Race and Ethnicity in America | Permalink 5 Things You Didnt Know, Godzilla is Officially on Twitter and Instagram Now, 10 Things You Didnt Know about Lovell Adams-Gray, Why General Grievous Should Get His Own Solo Movie, 10 Things You Didnt Know about Greg Lawson, Pearl Jam Gearing up For Big Tour and Announces New Album, 10 Things You Didnt Know about Tom Llamas, A Janet Jackson Biopic Might Be in the Works, 10 Things You Didnt Know about James Monroe Iglehart, 10 Things You Didnt Know About James Arthur, Marvels Touching Stan Lee Tribute on the One Year Anniversary of His Death, Five Things You Didnt Know about Michelle Dockery, The Reason Why Curly was Replaced by Shemp in the Three Stooges, Five Things You Didnt Know about Elise LeGrow, Five Things you Didnt Know about Seeta Indrani. Her parents both engaged in the fight against racial discrimination and segregration. Lorraine Vivian Hansberry was born in Chicago on May 19, 1930, the youngest of four children born to Carl Augustus Hansberry, a prominent real estate broker, and his wife, Nannie Louise Hansberry, a schoolteacher and ward committeewoman. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the highest civilian honour in the United States, awarded by the President to individuals who have made exceptional contributions to the security or national interests of the country, to world peace, or to cultural or other significant public or private endeavours. Heavily damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, it has since closed. In the introduction of the live version, Simone explains the difficulty of losing a close friend and talented artist. 'The Black Revolution and the White Backlash . also named Lorraine Hansberry the Godmother of her daughter, Lisa Simone. Written by Oscar Brown, Jr., the show featured an interracial cast including Lonnie Sattin, Nichelle Nichols, Vi Velasco, Al Freeman, Jr., Zabeth Wilde, and Burgess Meredith in the title role of Mr. . Paul Robeson and SNCC organizer James Forman gave eulogies. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. She was the daughter of a real estate entrepreneur, Carl Hansberry, and schoolteacher, Nannie Hansberry, as well as the niece of Pan-Africanist scholar and college professor Leo Hansberry. Her best-known work, the play A Raisin in the Sun, highlights the lives of black Americans in Chicago living under racial segregation. An innovative network of theatres and community organisations, founded by the National Theatre in 2017 to grow nationwide engagement with theatre, expands. When Irvine read the lyrics after it was finished, he thought, "I didn't write this. Comments (0). She spoke out against discrimination and prejudice in all forms, including homophobia and transphobia. To be young, gifted and black The presiding minister, Eugene Callender, recited a message from Baldwin, and also a message from the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. that read: "Her creative ability and her profound grasp of the deep social issues confronting the world today will remain an inspiration to generations yet unborn." The title of the song comes from a speech she gave to young people. Louis Sachar. Faced . in order to avoid discrimination. Hansberry was a closeted lesbian. Norma Brickner is a Journalism and Digital Media major at SUNY-New Paltz. And I am glad she was not smiling at me.
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